![]() In the Arduino Uno -pins 3,5,6,9,10,11 have PWM capability. Pin 13 of the Arduino Uno is connected to the built-in LED. Pins 0-13 of the Arduino Uno serve as digital input/output pins. This goes through the device’s ADC, gets converted into digital data, which is transmitted to the receiving side over the internet. Every smartphone has a microphone that converts sound waves (voice) into analog voltage. One common example of an ADC is Voice over IP (VoIP). These pins serve as analog inputs but can also function as digital inputs or digital outputs. The Arduino Uno has 6 analog pins, which utilize ADC (Analog to Digital converter). It provides the voltage reference with which the microcontroller operates. IOREF - This pin is the input/output reference.Always make sure that all GNDs (of the Arduino, peripherals and components) are connected to one another and have a common ground. ![]() The GND pins are used to close the electrical circuit and provide a common logic reference level throughout your circuit. In the Arduino Uno pinout, you can find 5 GND pins, which are all interconnected. They provide regulated 5 and 3.3v to power external components according to manufacturer specifications. When powering your circuit through the barrel jack or VIN, the maximum capacity available is determined by the 5 and 3.3 volts regulators on-board the Arduino. Take into consideration that this is also used for powering the MCU, its peripherals, the on-board regulators, and the components connected to it. For instance, powering the circuit using the USB limits you to 500mA. The power source you use determines the power you have available for your circuit. There is a polarity protection diode connecting between the positive of the barrel jack to the VIN pin, rated at 1 Ampere.
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